Real
Estate Glossary
FACADE:
An exterior wall of a building or house.
FACE LIFT:
Slang term for cosmetic changes to the appearance of a property which
may improve the selling price.
FACE RATE OF INTEREST:
The rate of interest chargeable on a loan as set out in the loan
document.
FACE VALUE:
The value of an item as set out in the instrument creating it or
representing it.
FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT:
A law which standardizes the form and rules of disclosure of credit
reports created by consumer/credit reporting agencies and establishes
procedures for the correction of errors on a person's credit report.
FAIR MARKET VALUE:
The value of an item as established by a consideration of how much an
independent buyer would pay to an independent seller in a completely
free transaction for the item.
FANNIE MAE:
The U.S.'s largest supplier of mortgages to home buyers and owners, a
corporation established by Congress. The Federal National Mortgage
Association (FNMA).
FARM MORTGAGE:
A mortgage secured against agricultural land.
FARMER'S HOME ADMINISTRATION
(FMHA):
U. S. Department of Agriculture agency providing financing for
farmers, residents of rural areas, etc.
FARMLAND:
A category of land for zoning or other legal purposes, denoting
property used for agricultural purposes.
FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE
CORPORATION (FDIC):
A U.S. Government agency providing insurance to depositors of money
into financial institutions up to a certain amount.
FEDERAL HOME BOARD:
U.S. board that regulates federal savings and loan associations.
FEDERAL HOUSING
ADMINISTRATION (FHA):
Division of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, sets
standards for the underwriting of private mortgages. Also insures
residential mortgages made by private lenders.
FEDERAL LAND BANKS:
Local banks providing long-term mortgages to farmers and owners of
agricultural lands.
FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE
ASSOCIATION (FNMA):
See "Fannie
Mae".
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK:
One of a set of twelve banks servicing one of twelve reserve districts
in the U.S.A.
FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (FRS):
The central bank of the United States, controls supply of money,
credit availability and benchmark interest rates. Made up of the
twelve Federal Reserve Banks.
FEDERAL REVENUE STAMP:
Stamp affixed to deeds evidencing payment of the tax on the transfer
of land required to be paid up until January 1, 1968.
FEDERAL TAX LIEN:
An encumbrance registered on title to a property securing a tax debt
owed by the property owner to the national government.
FEE APPRAISER:
A person who estimates the value of a property for a fee.
FEE SIMPLE:
The best title to property available, representing the absolute
ownership of a parcel of land.
FEE SIMPLE DETERMINABLE:
An estate in land where the owner's title to a property in fee simple
is dependent on the occurrence (or non-occurrence) of a particular
event. Usually represented by the inclusion of "As long as"
in the deed.
FEE SIMPLE SUBJECT TO A
CONDITION SUBSEQUENT:
An estate in land where the owner's title in fee simple may be
terminated by the former owner or her heir's upon the occurrence of a
particular event. The termination must be carried out by the former
owner and is not automatic upon the occurrence of the event.
FEE SIMPLE SUBJECT TO AN
EXECUTORY LIMITATION:
An estate in land where the owner's title in fee simple may be
terminated by the occurrence or non-occurrence of a particular event,
at which time title passes to a named third party.
FEE TAIL:
An archaic form, an estate in land where title to the property was
limited to the owner and his descendants with no power to transfer.
Usually created by a transfer to the person "and the heirs of his
body".
FEES:
1) The money required at the outset by a lender from the borrower or
held back from the mortgage advance.
2) The amounts charged by a professional for services rendered.
FIDUCIARY:
A person charged by law and equity with a higher duty of care for
another person. A person who, as a result of a relationship with
another person, is required by law to place the other person's
interests equal to or ahead of his own in all dealings involving that
other person. The relationship is often created when the other person
approaches the fiduciary to use the fiduciary's special skills and
knowledge, for a fee, to benefit the other person. Real estate agents,
lawyers, trustees, investment brokers etc. are often fiduciaries.
FIDUCIARY RELATIONSHIP:
A relationship of trust and confidence between two people in which one
person (the fiduciary) holds much more power, knowledge or skill than
the other and is, therefore, held by the law to a higher standard of
conduct.
FIFTEEN-YEAR MORTGAGE:
A loan with payments amortized over a fifteen-year period, rather than
the usual twenty-five-year amortization period.
FILTERING DOWN PROCESS:
The gradual decline in the value of a property, whether due to market
forces, changes in desirability of neighborhood or deterioration of
condition of the home, such that a property once owned by a
high-income family might eventually be owned by a low-income family.
FINAL VALUE ESTIMATE:
The product of a real estate appraiser's completed work, an assessment
of the value of a property based on all factors and taking into
consideration the different evaluation methods available.
FINANCE CHARGE:
The total cost, in dollars, of a loan or mortgage over its life,
including appraisal/application/commitment fees, financing insurance,
interest paid over the life of the loan.
FINANCIAL INSTITUTION:
A generic term for banks, trust companies, credit unions, and perhaps
other investment companies that deal with money, hold money, invest
money and lend money.
FINANCIAL RISK:
An assessment of the possibility that a given investment or loan will
fail to bring a return and may result in a loss of the original
investment or loan.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT:
A document which sets out the assets, income, expenses and debts of a
person or company to allow a third person to assess that person or
corporation's financial health (i.e. when considering lending money to
that person or corporation).
FINANCING:
The manner in which a proposed purchaser intends to make up the
difference between cash on hand and the purchase price.
FINANCING STATEMENT:
A form of lien filed by a lender or creditor and registered against
the personal property (all or specific items) of a debtor. Generally
filed when a loan is secured against personal property.
FINDER'S FEE:
Commission paid to a mortgage broker for placing a mortgage with a
specific institution.
FIRE AND EXTENDED COVERAGE
INSURANCE:
A promise issued by a registered insurance company to compensate the
owner of a particular property for losses as a result of specified
risks (i.e fire, flood, storms, vandalism, etc.).
FIRM AND BINDING:
Description of a legal contract once all conditions have been removed.
It is now legally enforceable by the parties to it.
FIRM COMMITMENT:
A promise from a lender to lend a specific borrower a specified amount
of money on specified terms to be secured against a specific property.
FIRM OFFER:
An offer to purchase delivered to the potential Vendor by a potential
Purchaser who will not negotiate any changes to the offer.
FIRM PRICE:
An indication in a real estate advertisement that the price asked for
the property is not open for negotiation.
FIRST LIEN:
The registered legal claim which stands first in line to enjoy the
proceeds of a sale of the property. Liens generally are ordered
according to time or registration but various statutes allow some
liens (realty taxes) to jump to the head of the line.
FIRST MORTGAGE:
A mortgage that, when registered, is first in line on the property,
giving the lender superior right to the proceeds of the sale of the
property over other, later claimants.
FIXED EXPENSES:
Costs of owning and operating a property that are not discretionary
and, except for occasional increases, do not change from month to
month. Examples are realty taxes, insurance costs, etc.
FIXED INSTALLMENT:
The periodic payment made for principal and interest on a loan.
FIXED RATE MORTGAGE (FRM):
A loan registered on title to the property against which it is secured
which charges an interest rate that does not change over the term of
the mortgage.
FIXING-UP EXPENSES:
Moneys spent on minor repairs to improve the marketability of a
property
FIXTURE:
An item which is attached to and forms part of the buildings or land
itself and are, therefore, included in the sale or property unless
specifically excluded in the contract.
FLAG
LOT:
Description of the shape of a property, where access to a road is
provided along the long, narrow "flag pole" and the usable
land itself is the rectangular flag at the tend of the pole.
FLAT:
English term for apartment. A portion of a building designed to serve
as a home for a single family group.
FLEA BAG:
Slang term for a cheap, run-down property.
FLIP:
The rapid turnover of a piece of property by one person who buys it
for a certain price then sells it soon thereafter for more.
FLOATING RATE:
Rate of interest chargeable on a loan that is variable according to a
specified index or the national prime rate. The loan rate is said to
"float" on top of the specified index by a set amount: i.e.
the loan may be set at Prime Rate plus 2%, meaning if the Prime Rate
is 6%, the loan interest rate will be 8%.
FLOOD INSURANCE:
A policy of insurance that specifically covers damage due to flood
waters, required in designated flood areas.
FLOOD PLAIN:
The area around a body of water which may at times be under water and
may at other times be dry land, depending on the level of the water in
the lake, river, pond, etc.
FLOOR:
The lowest the interest rate on a variable or adjustable rate mortgage
may go.
FLOOR AREA:
The total space covered by all floors in a building.
FLOOR AREA RATIO (FAR):
A comparison of the total area of the floor of a building with the
total area of the land upon which it stands. Maximum or minimum FARs
may be established by local zoning rules.
FLOOR PLAN:
A sketch of an existing or proposed building showing the design and
layout of the building and the specifications of each room. May also
show doors, windows, stairways and other features.
FNMA (FANNIE MAE):
The largest single lender on residential properties in the United
States, generally purchases mortgages from primary lenders.
FOLIO:
The page upon which a land instrument is record in the public record.
The Book is the "liber", the page is the "folio".
FOR RENT BY OWNER (FRBO):
Indication that the owner of a property is attempting to find a tenant
for his property on his own, without employing an agent.
FOR SALE BY OWNER (FSBO):
Indication that the owner of a property is attempting to find a
purchaser for her property on her own, without employing an agent.
FORBEARANCE:
Any indulgence a party gives to another party to a contract who is
late in meeting her obligations under the contract.
FORCED SALE:
The marketing of a property as a result of some outside influence,
such as bankruptcy, where the price obtained might not be optimum.
FORECLOSURE:
An enforcement process in which the lender under a defaulted mortgage
takes title to the property for the purposes of selling it to recoup
moneys owed under the mortgage.
FORESHORE:
The land on a water-side property that lies between the high-water
mark and the low-water mark.
FORFEITURE:
The loss of a right, claim, interest or item of property as a result
of one's failure to meet one's legal obligations.
FORGERY:
A document that is false, either as a result of being signed by
someone other than the person represented to have signed it or as a
result of being a false, worthless replica of a document that has
value.
FORM REPORT:
A standardized appraisal document which requires the appraiser to
present her findings in a prescribed form.
FORMAL CONTRACT:
A contract under seal.
FORWARD COMMITMENT:
A lender's promise to make a loan in the future.
FRACTIONAL APPRAISAL:
An estimate of the value of one portion of a property.
FRACTIONAL INTEREST:
A legal claim or right to a portion of a property.
FRAUD:
The act of leading a person to believe something which you know to be
false in a situation where you know the person will rely on that thing
to their detriment.
FREDDIE MAC (FHLMC):
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. A US agency which purchases
first mortgages on residences.
FREE AND CLEAR:
A description of title to property which is unencumbered and subject
to no competing claims.
FREEHOLD:
As opposed to leasehold. A right to or interest in property.
FREEHOLDER:
She who has a freehold interest in a property.
FREE-STANDING BUILDING:
A structure which does not depend on other structures for support, an
independent structure.
FRONT-END RATIO:
A comparison of a borrower's monthly cost of housing with that
borrower's monthly gross income.
FRONT FOOT:
A measurement of the property line which runs along the side of a
street.
FRONTAGE ASSESSMENT:
A levy by a local government, usually to pay for the costs of building
and maintaining roads and sidewalks, which is based on the frontage of
each property along the street.
FRONTAGE:
The measurement of a property's boundary that runs along the side of a
particular feature (street, lake, ocean, river, etc.).
FRONT-END FEE:
A lender's charges to the borrower for the costs of the borrower's
application for the loan.
FULL DISCLOSURE:
The revelation to another party in a contract or legal dispute of all
relevant information in one's possession. An agent acting for both
parties in a real estate purchase must fully disclose this conflict of
interest to all parties.
FULL-PRICE OFFER:
A proposal by a purchaser to buy a property at the price and on the
terms asked by the vendor in her property listing.
FULLY AMORTIZING PAYMENT:
A periodic mortgage payment which, if paid consistently throughout the
amortization period of the mortgage, will result in the total
principal and interest owing on the loan being retired at the end of
the amortization period.
FULLY ASSUMABLE MORTGAGE:
A land loan that may be transferred to a new owner without any change
to the terms, as long as the new owner qualifies.
FULLY EXECUTED SALES
CONTRACT:
An agreement in which all parties have agreed and signed to all terms
of the agreement.
FULLY INDEXED INTEREST RATE:
The interest rate as set out in the variable or adjustable rate
mortgage, equaling the index rate plus the float of the mortgage.
FUNCTIONAL OBSOLESCENCE:
The loss of use or value of an asset due to a change in the market
demands. A property in Buffalo with no furnace may be considered to be
functionally obsolete and, therefore, difficult to sell.
FUNDING FEE:
The charge paid by the borrower to the VA for the mortgage insurance
provided by the VA on a veteran's mortgage.
FUTURE ADVANCES:
Monetary payments under an already registered mortgage as a result of
the occurrence of certain events, as in a construction loan where more
money is advanced once the framing is completed, etc.
